Basalt fiber and its application

                                                        Basalt fiber and its application

Basalt fiber (BF for short) is a new inorganic environmental protection high-performance material. Its color is generally brown, some like gold. It is composed of SiO2, Al2O3, Cao, FeO and other oxides, as well as a small amount of impurities. Each component in the fiber has its specific properties. Basalt continuous fiber basalt fiber, as a kind of reinforcing material, not only has good stability, excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, but also has the advantages of good insulation, excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation performance, good wave transmission performance and so on. Because basalt ore itself gives basalt fiber many excellent properties, basalt fiber itself has high durability and excellent mechanical properties, which are very practical in military and civil fields.

At present, the fire-proof cloth woven with basalt fiber spinning has been used in the production of fire-retardant and heat-insulating protective clothing and fire-fighting blanket. The products are mainly used in fire-fighting, metallurgy, military industry and other industries. The potential market of basalt fiber is to replace glass fiber. In the field of building reinforcement, basalt fiber is close to carbon fiber in performance, but its price is several times or even dozens of times lower than carbon fiber. In domestic civil engineering, it can partially replace expensive carbon fiber for structural reinforcement, reducing the dependence of structural reinforcement projects in China on carbon fiber. In terms of composite materials, it can be compounded with various resins to form composite materials, which can be used as structural materials, such as fan blades, vehicle and ship structures, corrosion and pressure resistant pipes and storage tanks, as well as printed circuit board substrates.
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Used in the field of fire prevention and heat insulation
Basalt is widely distributed and cheap in China. Its fiber manufacturing cost is low. Compared with chemical fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber, basalt has obvious comprehensive advantages and great substitution potential. It is a new product with high-tech content and high added value.
In recent years, green fireproof and thermal insulation materials have gradually attracted people's attention. As a green material, basalt fiber has become the preferred material for fire prevention and heat insulation, which has the characteristics of light weight, fire prevention, heat insulation, beauty and so on. The basalt fiber composite fireproof and thermal insulation material composed of basalt fiber fabric layer, high temperature resistant rubber layer, polyester fiber film layer, vapor phase precipitation aluminum reflective layer and flame-retardant viscose and Basofil blended fabric layer has good flame-retardant, thermal insulation and high temperature resistance. In high temperature environment, it can absorb part of heat, has better thermal insulation effect, and will not burn at the same time. It can play a better protective role, and can be used in fire protection, petrochemical industry Military and metallurgical fields.
According to Qi Fengjie, Professor of the school of polymer materials of Northeastern University, the fire-proof cloth made of basalt fiber has good high temperature resistance and heat insulation effect. The temperature resistance can be as high as 650 ℃, and the limiting oxygen index is greater than 68, which is much better than organic fibers such as aramid fiber, and is especially suitable for the preparation of industrial fire-proof curtains. Basalt fiber fireproof cloth will not deform and burst under the action of 1000 ℃ flame, and the fire resistance time can be maintained at more than 1 hour. It can also play a protective role in the environment of humidity, steam, smoke and chemical gases. In addition, if basalt fiber is blended with other fibers, it can be made into flame-retardant and fireproof fabric with higher specifications, which has obvious advantages for relevant equipment of special forces.
From the perspective of current market application, Kevlar, Nomex and Teflon fibers of DuPont have been used as the preferred raw materials for fire-proof cloth in foreign countries. Although the above three raw materials have the properties of high temperature resistance and chemical reaction resistance, they will carbonize and decompose at high temperatures above 370 ℃. The basalt fiber fireproof cloth is made of GBF company's 7 μ m～9 μ M continuous basalt fiber spun yarn, and after high temperature resistant, non-toxic coating treatment, there will be no melting dripping, thermal shrinkage, and no toxic gas emission. It can be a strong substitute for Kevlar, Nomex, Teflon and other fire-resistant fiber cloth.
It is difficult for basalt fiber to be spun and process control in the production process, which limits the development of basalt fiber industrial textiles in some fields. At present, only a few countries in the world, such as Russia, Ukraine and China, have mastered the production technology, and the total output of the world is less than 3500 tons. After hard exploration and practice, Chinese enterprises have overcome the manufacturing technology difficulties of basalt fiber, and have formed a certain market scale through mass production.
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Used in automobile field
Basalt fiber not only has high strength, good thermal stability, not easy to damage, low wear, stable friction coefficient, but also the price is appropriate. The application of basalt fiber in friction reinforcement materials is not only conducive to increasing the service life of automotive friction materials and improving the service temperature of friction materials, but also can solve various adverse factors existing in the current friction materials, which is conducive to solving the heat recession phenomenon of traditional automotive brakes and further reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents.

Basalt fiber body
Spanish garfer company has successfully developed 1052 series motorcycle brake pads with basalt fiber as the main reinforcement fiber. The high temperature resistant structure made of basalt fiber is used for friction reinforcement materials such as automobile brakes and clutches, which not only helps the high-speed development of automobiles, but also helps to improve the safety performance of automobiles. Its development has a broad market prospect.
Properties of different fibers and their reinforced phenolic resin based friction materials
It can be seen from the above table that the material density of basalt fiber is moderate, its tensile strength is equivalent to that of glass fiber, and the wear resistance of basalt fiber reinforced friction material is higher than that of asbestos fiber, steel fiber and glass fiber. Through the performance test of basalt chopped fiber reinforced brake pads, it is considered that they have the characteristics of stable high-temperature friction coefficient, small heat decay and low braking noise, and are suitable to be used as the main reinforcement of friction materials.
Basalt fiber automobile filter material can filter and separate the solid particles in automobile exhaust under high temperature conditions, reduce the urban pollution caused by automobile exhaust, and its filter material has the advantages of long-term use under high temperature conditions and stable performance. In Russia and Ukraine, the mass loss of continuous basalt fiber is only 12% under the high temperature of 900 ℃. The application of basalt fiber automotive filter material meets the requirements of environmental protection in the new century, and is also conducive to meeting the requirements of people pursuing high-performance vehicles.
Compared with glass fiber widely used in interior materials, basalt fiber has far greater sound absorption and heat resistance than E-glass fiber.
The application of heat-insulating and sound-absorbing basalt fiber materials in cars is conducive to improving the sound insulation performance of cars and the outside world, and reducing the noise produced by car parts. Japan has selected basalt fiber as the best material for the development of automotive mufflers, and the annual demand for automotive sound and heat insulation fiber materials is more than 100000 tons, so basalt fiber has great market development potential in this regard.
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Used in the field of Construction Engineering
Basalt fiber reinforced concrete is a new type of concrete composite material formed by mixing basalt continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber into concrete in a reasonable amount and in an appropriate way. It retains the advantages of high compressive strength of concrete, increases its tensile, wear-resisting and impact resistance, and plays a role in strengthening, strengthening and toughening, and prolonging its service life in concrete engineering. Basalt fiber is a typical silicate fiber, which has natural compatibility. It is easy to disperse when mixed with cement concrete and mortar. Fresh basalt fiber concrete has stable volume and good workability.
Compared with ordinary concrete, basalt fiber concrete also has superior temperature resistance, shrinkage resistance and corrosion resistance, which is conducive to improving the durability of concrete engineering and expanding the scope of use of concrete. Reasonable addition of basalt fiber into concrete can improve the impact resistance of concrete, reduce its brittleness and improve the mechanical properties of concrete.
The raw materials for the production of basalt fiber are derived from natural volcanic extrusive rocks, which contain almost no ingredients harmful to human health, making the promotion of basalt fiber concrete in the field of construction engineering have the significance of resource conservation and green environmental protection.
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proposal
Basalt fiber has excellent thermal protection and mechanical properties. However, various data also show that the biggest disadvantage of basalt fiber is that its density is slightly higher than that of other fibers. Therefore, in the application of basalt, we should fully strengthen the research and development capacity and production technology level of basalt fiber, and reasonably select the process parameters in the design of fabric organization and structure, so as to avoid the extra labor load on workers or users due to the overweight of textiles, so as to apply basalt fabric with good thermal protection performance to the field of flame retardant protection, which will also make the best use of materials Get twice the result with half the effort.
High performance flame retardant fibers are widely used in high-tech industries, cutting-edge technologies and special equipment fields, but they are rarely used in industrial and civil fields with large market demand, mainly because of their small variety, high price and poor wearability. Basalt fiber has a very high limiting oxygen index and is an inorganic fiber. There is no harmful gas emission during combustion, but its price is high and its wearing performance is poor. It can be considered to mix with other fibers to make the blended fabric not only have high flame retardancy, but also reduce or even eliminate the emission of harmful gases in the combustion reaction. For example, by combining the flame retardancy of basalt fiber with the comfort, moisture absorption and permeability of cotton, it can be blended in a certain proportion, It can not only ensure that the fabric has good flame retardancy, but also good comfort and environmental protection, but also improve the wearability of the product.
As a new type of high-performance fiber, basalt fiber has the advantages of performance, technology and cost. At present, there is still a gap between the research and development level of basalt fiber in China and developed countries. How to transform the three advantages of basalt fiber well needs to further improve and optimize the performance and production technology of basalt fiber. At the same time, strengthen the surface modification technology of industrial textiles to improve their mechanical properties and anti-aging performance to the environment, develop competitive and differentiated new products, expand the scope of application, and increase market promotion, so that basalt fiber can give full play to its advantages faster and better, and promote the upgrading of products in related fields.